In Silico Analysis of Glycoprotein Non-Metastatic Melanoma Protein B (GPNMB) Protein Detection in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood and oxygen to meet the body’s needs. Glycoprotein Non-metastatic B (GPNMB) is a protein encoded by the GPNMB gene, playing a crucial role in cell and tissue survival and regulating inflammation. Recently, this pro- tein has been shown to play a role in heart damage, contributing to tissue recovery and remodeling. In some cases, it has been linked to promoting fibrosis, disrupting electrical contractions, and the behavior of macrophages. Aptamers are single-stranded chains of nucleotides, either DNA or RNA, which are syn- thetically produced to bind to specific receptors in proteins and molecules. We hypothesize that aptamers binding to the surface of BPNMB could be used to aid in diagnosing heart failure. Based on the number of interactions, aptamer ss9 was selected as an appropriate candidate. Molecular docking simulations were employed to identify the most effective and optimal binding site between the aptamer and protein. This research aims to develop a solution that helps determine the extent of heart damage in patients, pro- viding both the patient and physician with a more accurate understanding of their condition.